Jumat, 01 Mei 2015

DETERMINER

Tugas English Bussines 2 (Determiner)



NAMA            : RISA MUTIAHANI
NPM               : 26212449
KELAS           : 3EB02
SUBJECT       : English Bussines 2 (DETERMINER)
                                                                     DETERMINER
A determiner is a word, phrase or affix that occurs together with a noun or noun phrase and serves to express the reference of that noun or noun phrase in the context. That is, a determiner may indicate whether the noun is referring to a definite or indefinite element of a class, to a closer or more distant element, to an element belonging to a specified person or thing, to a particular number or quantity, etc. Common kinds of determiners include definite and indefinite articles (like the English the and a or an), demonstratives (this and that),possessive determiners (my and their), and quantifiers (many, few and several). See examples in the box on the right; and see English determiners and English articles.
Determiners in English
There are many different determiners in the English language.
·         Articles are among the most common of the determiners. A, an, and the all express the definiteness and specificity of a noun. For example, “the” is a definite article, meaning the person using the word is referring to a specific one. On the other hand, “a” or “an” are indefinite.
·         Demonstratives, such as this, that, these and those, require a frame of reference in which an individual can point out the entities referred to by a speaker or a writer.
·         Quantifiers, such as all, few, and many, point out how much or how little of something is being indicated.
·         When referring to an entity that belongs to another, you can use possessives. My, your, their, and its are a few examples.
There are many other types of determiners. For instance, cardinal numbers, the numbers that are written out in English, are also included in the class of determiners. Determiners are generally split into two groups—definite determiners and indefinite determiners.
Function of a Determiners
A determiner can take on a number of different meanings and roles in a sentence. The determiner is used in every case to clarify the noun.
·         They may be used to demonstrate or define something or someone.
Quantifiers state how many of a thing, in number or expression. A determiner is used to show that the noun indicated is a specific one (that one), not an unspecific one (any).
·         They may also state the differences between nouns.
While determiners may have a number of other functions, most of them are related to these two key areas. The list of determiners only numbers about 50 words, and all of these words are commonly used by most individuals. Determiners are not difficult to get the grasp of when contrasted with adjectives, and do not take too long for native English speakers to grasp. After all, how many times have you had trouble deciding whether to say “the” or “a”? 
Determining Determiners
How should you choose which determiner to use? For those who were raised speaking the English language, determining the determiner to use is second-nature, since determiners are so often used in front of nouns.
Like the basic parts of speech, determiners are so ingrained into the English language that using them is simple. The same goes for most Indo-European languages (for instance, Romance languages such as Spanish and the Germanic languages such as German).
However, the languages of other countries may not use determiners, or may have sets of rules very different than the English language does. For these individuals, learning how and where to use determiners can be rather difficult. 
Determiners and Adjectives
Until recently, English teaching in schools did not take determiners into account. Many determiners were simply lumped into the category of “adjectives,” which works for some but certainly not for all.
·         Adjectives have primarily three functions: they modify noun phrases, or complement the object or subject of a sentence.
·         The function of a determiner is to express proximity, relationship, quantity, and definiteness.
Determiners are not gradable as are adjectives. For example, a person may be angry, angrier, or the angriest. A person can not be “her-est” or “the-est.”
Determiners are usually necessary (or obligatory) in a sentence, whereas adjectives are not.
Adjectives, unlike determiners, cannot have corresponding pronouns.
Adjectives and determiners are distinct from one another and cannot simply be lumped into the same category
Penjelasan Determiner
Contoh Kalimat Determiner
General Determiner
indefinite article (a atau an): membicarakan suatu hal secara umum dimana pendengar/pembaca tidak tau pasti yang mana yang dimaksudkan
He is looking for a job in Bali.
(Dia sedang mencari pekerjaan di Bali.)
quantifier (many, few, little, some, any): menyatakan jumlah
Please give me a little water.
(Tolong beri saya sedikit air.)
distributive (all, every, both)
All your books are on the table.
(Semua bukumu di atas meja.)
difference word (other, another): membicarakan tambahan orang, benda,
atau hal
May I have another shoes?
(Bolehkah saya mendapatkan sepatu yang lain?)
Specific Determiner
definite article (the): membicarakannoun yang diyakini pembaca/pendengar paham yang dimaksudkan
Did he enjoy the show?
(Apa dia menikmati pertunjukkan tersebut?)
demonstrative adjective (this, that, these, those): menerangkan noun dalam hal jarak dan/atau jumlah
Those apples are so red.
(Apel-apel itu sangat merah.)
possessive adjective (my, your, his, her, its, our, dan their): menunjukkan kepemilikan
Your jacket is in the laundry basket.
(Jaketmu di dalam keranjang cucian.)

Penggunaan General Determiner

General determiner mungkin dipadukan dengan singular/plural countable noun atau uncountable noun dengan rumus sebagai berikut.
Rumus
General Determiner
Contoh Noun Phrase
general determiner + singular countable noun
a & an (indefinite articles)
a book, an apple
another (difference word)
another man
any, no (quantifier)
any report, no journey
each, every, neither (distributive)
each pair, every student, neither spoon (nor fork)
determiner + plural countable noun
all, both (distributive)
all books, several magazines
some, any, no, many, few, several (quantifier)
some people, any new books, no jobs, many clothes, few activities
other (difference words)
other tasks
enough, more, most
enough dollars, more tips, most batteries
determiner + uncountable noun
all (distributive)
all furniture
some, any, no, little, less, much (quantifier)
some paper, any time, no money, little information, less sugar, much coffee
more, most, enough
more advice, most cheese, enough money

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